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Notes
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Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, the decennial census is the official source of population totals for April 1st of each decennial year. In between censuses, the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities, and towns and estimates of housing units and the group quarters population for states and counties.<br/><br/>

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Since the 5-year data do not benefit from data quality filtering, comparisons are only made for populations of 5,000 or more.<br/><br/>

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Information about the American Community Survey (ACS) can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs.html\">ACS website<\/a>. Supporting documentation including code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing, and a full list of ACS tables and table shells (without estimates) can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/technical-documentation/code-lists.html\">Technical Documentation<\/a> section of the ACS website.<br /><br />Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Survey website in the <a href=\"https://www.census.gov/acs/www/methodology/sample_size_and_data_quality/\">Methodology<\/a> section.<br/><br/>

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2019-2023 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates<br/><br/>

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ACS data generally reflect the geographic boundaries of legal and statistical areas as of January 1 of the estimate year. For more information, see <a href=\"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/geography-acs/geography-boundaries-by-year.html\"> Geography Boundaries by Year<\/a>.<br/><br/>

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Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see <a href=\"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/technical-documentation.html\">ACS Technical Documentation<\/a>). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables.<br/><br/>

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Users must consider potential differences in geographic boundaries, questionnaire content or coding, or other methodological issues when comparing ACS data from different years. Statistically significant differences shown in ACS Comparison Profiles, or in data users' own analysis, may be the result of these differences and thus might not necessarily reflect changes to the social, economic, housing, or demographic characteristics being compared. For more information, see <a href=\"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/guidance/comparing-acs-data.html\"> Comparing ACS Data<\/a>.<br/><br/>

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Households not paying cash rent are excluded from the calculation of median gross rent.<br/><br/>

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Complete plumbing in 2016 and later are not directly comparable to complete plumbing in 2015 and prior years. In 2016, the question about whether the housing unit had a toilet was no longer asked. In 2015 and prior years, the requirements for complete plumbing were running water, a flush toilet and bathtub or shower; in 2016 and later, the requirement for complete plumbing is running water and bathtub or shower.<br/><br/>

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Telephone service data are not available for certain geographic areas due to problems with data collection of this question that occurred in 2019. Both ACS 1-year and ACS 5-year files were affected. It may take several years in the ACS 5-year files until the estimates are available for the geographic areas affected.<br/><br/>

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Prior to 2015, if the median, upper, or lower quartile rent was $2,000 or more in a geography, the median, upper, or lower rent displayed as $2,000+. In 2015, the top category for the calculation of median, upper, and lower quartile rent was changed from $2,000 or more to $3,500 or more; consequently, 2015 and later products from the 1 and 5 year ACS files display actual medians, upper, and lower quartiles up to $3,499; $3,500 or more will display as $3,500+.<br/><br/>

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Prior to 2015, if the median, upper, or lower quartile home value was $1,000,000 or more in a geography, the median, upper, or lower home value rent displayed as $1,000,000+. In 2015, the top category for the calculation of median, upper, and lower quartile home value was changed from $1,000,000 or more to $2,000,000 or more; consequently, in 2015 and later products from the 1 and 5 year ACS files display actual medians, upper, and lower quartiles up to $2,000,000; $2,000,000 or more will display as $2,000,000+.<br/><br/>

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Prior to 2015, if the median monthly housing costs for owners without mortgages was $1,000 or more in a geography, the median monthly housing costs for owners without mortgages displayed as $1,000+. In 2015, the top category for the calculation of median monthly housing costs for owners without mortgages was changed from $1,000 or more to $1,500 or more; consequently, in 2015 and later products from the 1 and 5 year ACS files display actual medians up to $1,500; $1,500 or more will display as $1,500+.<br/><br/>

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Prior to 2021, medians presented in the Comparison Profiles were calculated from inflation-adjusted microdata and household distributions. Data users were not able to match exactly the estimates in the Profile by inflation-adjusting previous year published estimates using the Consumer Price Index Retroactive Series (R-CPI-U-RS). Starting in 2021, the method for calculating inflation-adjusted medians changed. Data users should now be able to more closely match the estimates by inflation-adjusting previous year published estimates. For those medians that do not match exactly, the difference is due to rounding and should not be off by more than one dollar. For more information see <a href=\"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/technical-documentation/user-notes/2022-08.html\">Modification to Calculations of Inflation-Adjusted Dollar-Based Medians in Comparison Profiles<\/a> .<br/><br/>

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Estimates of urban and rural populations, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on 2020 Census data. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization.<br/><br/>

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An * indicates that the estimate is significantly different (at a 90% confidence level) than the estimate from the most current year. A \"c\" indicates the estimates for that year and the current year are both controlled; a statistical test is not appropriate. A blank indicates that the estimate is not significantly different from the estimate of the most current year, or that a test could not be done because one or both of the estimates is displayed as \"-\", \"N\", or \"(X)\", or the estimate ends with a \"+\" or \"-\". (For more information on these symbols, see the Explanation of Symbols.)<br/><br/>

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Explanation of Symbols:<TABLE><TR><TD>-<\/TD><TD> The estimate could not be computed because there were an insufficient number of sample observations. For a ratio of medians estimate, one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or highest interval of an open-ended distribution. For a 5-year median estimate, the margin of error associated with a median was larger than the median itself.<\/TD><\/TR><TR><TD>N<\/TD><TD> The estimate or margin of error cannot be displayed because there were an insufficient number of sample cases in the selected geographic area.<\/TD><\/TR><TR><TD> (X)<\/TD><TD> The estimate or margin of error is not applicable or not available.<\/TD><\/TR><TR><TD>median-<\/TD><TD> The median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution (for example \"2,500-\")<\/TD><\/TR><TR><TD>median+<\/TD><TD> The median falls in the highest interval of an open-ended distribution (for example \"250,000+\").<\/TD><\/TR><TR><TD>**<\/TD><TD> The margin of error could not be computed because there were an insufficient number of sample observations.<\/TD><\/TR><TR><TD>***<\/TD><TD> The margin of error could not be computed because the median falls in the lowest interval or highest interval of an open-ended distribution.<\/TD><\/TR><TR><TD>*****<\/TD><TD> A margin of error is not appropriate because the corresponding estimate is controlled to an independent population or housing estimate. Effectively, the corresponding estimate has no sampling error and the margin of error may be treated as zero.<\/TD><\/TR><\/TABLE><br/><br/>

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